385 lines
15 KiB
TeX
385 lines
15 KiB
TeX
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% Masters/Doctoral Thesis
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% LaTeX Template
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% Version 2.5 (27/8/17)
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%
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% This template was downloaded from:
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% http://www.LaTeXTemplates.com
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%
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% Version 2.x major modifications by:
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% Vel (vel@latextemplates.com)
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%
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% This template is based on a template by:
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% Steve Gunn
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% (http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/srg/softwaretools/document/templates/)
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% Sunil Patel (http://www.sunilpatel.co.uk/thesis-template/)
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%
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% Template license:
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% CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)
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%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% PACKAGES AND OTHER DOCUMENT CONFIGURATIONS
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\documentclass[
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11pt, % The default document font size, options: 10pt, 11pt, 12pt
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oneside, % Two side (alternating margins) for binding by default,
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% uncomment to switch to one side
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english, % ngerman for German
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singlespacing, % Single line spacing, alternatives: onehalfspacing
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% or doublespacing
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%draft, % Uncomment to enable draft mode (no pictures, no links,
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% overfull hboxes indicated)
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%nolistspacing, % If the document is onehalfspacing or
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% doublespacing, uncomment this to set spacing in lists to single
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%liststotoc, % Uncomment to add the list of figures/tables/etc to
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% the table of contents
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%toctotoc, % Uncomment to add the main table of contents to the
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% table of contents
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%parskip, % Uncomment to add space between paragraphs
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%nohyperref, % Uncomment to not load the hyperref package
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headsepline, % Uncomment to get a line under the header
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chapterinoneline, % Place the chapter title next to the number on one line
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%consistentlayout, % Uncomment to change the layout of the
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% declaration, abstract and acknowledgements pages to match the default layout
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]{MastersDoctoralThesis} % The class file specifying the document structure
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% Fix chapter prefix for chapterinoneline option
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\makeatletter
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\renewcommand{\mdtChapapp}{\@chapapp\space}
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\renewcommand{\autodot}{:}
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\makeatother
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % Required for inputting international characters
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Output font encoding for international characters
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\usepackage{float}
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\usepackage{mathpazo} % Use the Palatino font by default
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\usepackage{svg}
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\usepackage{acronym}
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\usepackage{subcaption} % For subfigures
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\usepackage[backend=bibtex,style=numeric,natbib=true]{biblatex} %
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% Use the bibtex backend with the authoryear citation style (which
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% resembles APA)
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\addbibresource{example.bib} % The filename of the bibliography
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\addbibresource{master_citations.bib}
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\usepackage[autostyle=true]{csquotes} % Required to generate
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% language-dependent quotes in the bibliography
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% MARGIN SETTINGS
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\geometry{
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paper=a4paper, % Change to letterpaper for US letter
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inner=2.5cm, % Inner margin
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outer=3.8cm, % Outer margin
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bindingoffset=.5cm, % Binding offset
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top=1.5cm, % Top margin
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bottom=1.5cm, % Bottom margin
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%showframe, % Uncomment to show how the type block is set on the page
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}
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% THESIS INFORMATION
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\thesistitle{Decrypting the Overlay: A Reproducible Analysis of P2P
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VPN Implementation and Overhead} % Your thesis title, this is used in the title
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% and abstract, print it elsewhere with \ttitle
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\supervisor{\textsc{Ber Lorke}} % Your supervisor's name, this is
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% used in the title page, print it elsewhere with \supname
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\examiner{Prof. Dr. \textsc{Stefan Schmid}} % Your examiner's name,
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% this is not currently used anywhere in the template, print it
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% elsewhere with \examname
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\degree{Master of Computer Science} % Your degree name, this is used
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% in the title page and abstract, print it elsewhere with \degreename
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\author{\textsc{Luis Hebendanz}} % Your name, this is used in the
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% title page and abstract, print it elsewhere with \authorname
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\subject{Computer Science} % Your subject area, this is not currently
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% used anywhere in the template, print it elsewhere with \subjectname
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\keywords{Decentralized Networks} % Keywords for your thesis, this is
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% not currently used anywhere in the template, print it elsewhere
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% with \keywordnames
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\university{\href{https://www.tu.berlin/}{TU Berlin}} % Your
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% university's name and URL, this is used in the title page and
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% abstract, print it elsewhere with \univname
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\department{\href{https://www.tu.berlin/eninet}{Internet Architecture
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and Management}} % Your department's name and URL, this is used in
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% the title page and abstract, print it elsewhere with \deptname
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\group{\href{https://www.tu.berlin/eninet}{INET}} % Your research
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% group's name and URL, this is used in the title page, print it
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% elsewhere with \groupname
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\faculty{\href{https://www.tu.berlin/eecs}{Faculty IV}} % Your
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% faculty's name and URL, this is used in the title page and
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% abstract, print it elsewhere with \facname
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\AtBeginDocument{
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\hypersetup{pdftitle=\ttitle} % Set the PDF's title to your title
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\hypersetup{pdfauthor=\authorname} % Set the PDF's author to your name
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\hypersetup{pdfkeywords=\keywordnames} % Set the PDF's keywords to
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% your keywords
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}
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\begin{document}
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\frontmatter % Use roman page numbering style (i, ii, iii, iv...) for
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% the pre-content pages
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\pagestyle{plain} % Default to the plain heading style until the
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% thesis style is called for the body content
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% TITLE PAGE
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{titlepage}
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\begin{center}
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\vspace*{.06\textheight}
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{\scshape\LARGE \univname\par}\vspace{1.5cm} % University name
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\textsc{\Large Master Thesis}\\[0.5cm] % Thesis type
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\HRule \\[0.4cm] % Horizontal line
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{\huge \bfseries \ttitle\par}\vspace{0.4cm} % Thesis title
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\HRule \\[1.5cm] % Horizontal line
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\begin{minipage}[t]{0.4\textwidth}
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\begin{flushleft} \large
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\emph{Author:}\\
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\href{http://www.johnsmith.com}{\authorname} % Author name -
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% remove the \href bracket to remove the link
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\end{flushleft}
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\end{minipage}
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\begin{minipage}[t]{0.4\textwidth}
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\begin{flushright} \large
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\emph{Supervisor:} \\
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\href{http://www.jamessmith.com}{\supname} % Supervisor name
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% - remove the \href bracket to remove the link
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\end{flushright}
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\end{minipage}\\[3cm]
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\vfill
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\large \textit{A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the
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requirements\\ for the degree of \degreename}\\[0.3cm] %
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% University requirement text
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\textit{in the}\\[0.4cm]
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\groupname\\\deptname\\[2cm] % Research group name and department name
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\vfill
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{\large \today}\\[4cm] % Date
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% \includegraphics{./TU-Berlin-Logo.png} % University/department
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% logo - uncomment to place it
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\vfill
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\end{center}
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\end{titlepage}
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% DECLARATION PAGE
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{declaration}
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\addchaptertocentry{\authorshipname} % Add the declaration to the
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% table of contents
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\noindent I, \authorname, declare that this thesis titled,
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\enquote{\ttitle} and the work presented in it are my own. I confirm that:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item This work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature
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for a research degree at this University.
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\item Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted
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for a degree or any other qualification at this University or
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any other institution, this has been clearly stated.
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\item Where I have consulted the published work of others, this
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is always clearly attributed.
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\item Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is
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always given. With the exception of such quotations, this
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thesis is entirely my own work.
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\item I have acknowledged all main sources of help.
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\item Where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly
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with others, I have made clear exactly what was done by others
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and what I have contributed myself.\\
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\end{itemize}
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\noindent Signed:\\
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\rule[0.5em]{25em}{0.5pt} % This prints a line for the signature
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\noindent Date:\\
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\rule[0.5em]{25em}{0.5pt} % This prints a line to write the date
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\end{declaration}
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% ABSTRACT PAGE
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{abstract}
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\addchaptertocentry{\abstractname} % Add the abstract to the table of contents
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This thesis evaluates the performance and fault tolerance of
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peer-to-peer mesh VPNs through an automated, reproducible
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benchmarking framework
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built on the Clan deployment system.
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We establish a cloud API–independent, binary-reproducible environment
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for deploying and assessing various VPN implementations,
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including Tailscale (via Headscale), Hyprspace, Lighthouse, Tinc,
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and ZeroTier.
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To simulate real-world network conditions, we employ four impairment profiles
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with varying degrees of packet loss, reordering, latency, and jitter.
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Our benchmark suite comprises RIST video streaming, Nix cache downloads,
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iperf3 throughput tests, QUIC transfers, and ping latency measurements.
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The experiments run on three machines interconnected at 1\,Gbps,
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each equipped with four CPU cores and eight threads.
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In total, we evaluate ten VPNs across seven benchmarks and four
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impairment profiles,
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yielding over 300 unique measurements.
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Our analysis reveals that Tailscale outperforms the Linux kernel's
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default networking stack under degraded network conditions—a
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counterintuitive finding
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we investigate through source code analysis of packet handling,
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encryption schemes, and resilience mechanisms.
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This investigation also uncovered several critical security vulnerabilities
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across the evaluated VPNs.
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We validate our hypotheses by re-running benchmarks with tuned
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Linux kernel parameters,
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demonstrating measurable improvements in network throughput.
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This work contributes to decentralized networking research
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by providing an extensible framework for reproducible P2P benchmarks,
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offering insights into mesh VPN implementation quality,
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and demonstrating that default Linux kernel settings are suboptimal
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for adverse network conditions.
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\end{abstract}
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{acknowledgements}
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\addchaptertocentry{\acknowledgementname} % Add the
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% acknowledgements to the table of contents
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I am very grateful to my work colleagues Mic92, Lassulus, Hsjobeki, Enzime,
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DavHau and Pinpox with whom I worked together to create the Clan framework.
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As well as my supervisor, Ber Lorke, for his guidance and support
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during my research.
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His advice and feedback have been invaluable.
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I also want to thank my examiner, Prof. Stefan Schmidt, for his
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helpful comments and insights.
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A big thank you to my family and friends for their support and
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encouragement throughout this journey.
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Lastly, thanks to everyone at INET for creating a great learning environment.
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\end{acknowledgements}
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% LIST OF CONTENTS/FIGURES/TABLES PAGES
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\tableofcontents % Prints the main table of contents
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%\listoffigures % Prints the list of figures
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%\listoftables % Prints the list of tables
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% ABBREVIATIONS
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\section*{Abbreviations}
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\begin{acronym}[P2P] % [P2P] aligns entries to the longest label
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\acro{P2P}{Peer to Peer}
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\end{acronym}
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/OTHER DEFINITIONS
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% \begin{constants}{lr@{${}={}$}l} % The list of physical constants
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% is a three column table
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% % The \SI{}{} command is provided by the siunitx package, see its
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% documentation for instructions on how to use it
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% % Speed of Light & $c_{0}$ & \SI{2.99792458e8}{\meter\per\second} (exact)\\
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% %Constant Name & $Symbol$ & $Constant Value$ with units\\
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% \end{constants}
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% SYMBOLS
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% \begin{symbols}{lll} % Include a list of Symbols (a three column table)
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% % $a$ & distance & \si{\meter} \\
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% % $P$ & power & \si{\watt} (\si{\joule\per\second}) \\
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% %Symbol & Name & Unit \\
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% \addlinespace % Gap to separate the Roman symbols from the Greek
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% % $\omega$ & angular frequency & \si{\radian} \\
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% \end{symbols}
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% DEDICATION
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% \dedicatory{Dedicated to/To my\ldots}
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% THESIS CONTENT - CHAPTERS
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\mainmatter % Begin numeric (1,2,3...) page numbering
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\pagestyle{thesis} % Return the page headers back to the "thesis" style
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% Include the chapters of the thesis as separate files from the Chapters folder
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% Uncomment the lines as you write the chapters
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\include{Chapters/Motivation}
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\include{Chapters/Methodology}
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\include{Chapters/Introduction}
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%\include{Chapters/Chapter1}
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%\include{Chapters/Chapter2}
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%\include{Chapters/Chapter3}
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%\include{Chapters/Chapter4}
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%\include{Chapters/Chapter5}
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% THESIS CONTENT - APPENDICES
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\appendix % Cue to tell LaTeX that the following "chapters" are Appendices
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% Include the appendices of the thesis as separate files from the
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% Appendices folder
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% Uncomment the lines as you write the Appendices
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%\include{Appendices/AppendixA}
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%\include{Appendices/AppendixB}
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%\include{Appendices/AppendixC}
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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% BIBLIOGRAPHY
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc]
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%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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\end{document}
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